An experimental study of Baji Quan's functions

[Bob]

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.js ... %3D6028934

An experimental study of Baji Quan's functions on the physical health of male college students .

This paper appears in:

Human Health and Biomedical Engineering (HHBE), 2011 International Conference on
Date of Conference: 19-22 Aug. 2011

Author(s): Zhang Jingyu
Sci. Res. Office, Changchun Normal Univ., Changchun, China
Page(s): 747 - 750
Product Type: Conference Publications

Abstract

Baji Quan is one of the fine boxing in the Chinese martial arts. According to research. When Baji Quan is being played, boldness and tenderness can be seen. Some movements are fast, some slow. Some are long strides, some short. Rhythmic changes can be seen. This essay is based on the experimental study of male college students in conducting the Baji Quan exercise. The study demonstrates: The intensity of the Baji Quan exercise can create a suitable load for the male college students and can promote the physical body and health of the male college students. The Baji Quan drilling can raise the breathing function and body stability function of the male college students. The Baji Quan exercise can promote the pliability of the various joints of the abdomen, lower limb strength, shoulders, body trunk, waist, pelvis etc., muscle and ligaments of the male college students.

ZHAI Gui-qi~1,LIANG De-wu~2(1.Shenzhen Sports School,Shenzhen,518131,China;2.Wuhan Inst.of P.E.,Wuhan,430079,China);A Probe into the Regulation of Bajiquan's Strength[J];Journal of Hubei Sports Science;2006-03

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTO ... 902014.htm

On the Discussion of Strength and Power in TaijiZhang Jun (Shandong Economic Management Rnstitute, Jinan Shandong 250014 )
Now Taijiquan’s body -building is becoming more and more obvious, but strength is still the core of Taijiquan. The operation of the strength is the key point to win victory in the combat. To comprehend the distinction and relation of the "Strength" and "power" is the core of operating the strength reasonably. At the same time, it is the indication of the practice level. This paper analyses the "Strength" and "power"of Taiji from several ways, bring the distinction and relation of the "Strength" and "power" to light, and conclude the character of "Strength", to provide theory support for exercisers.


Qi Fei Mao Mingchun (College of P.E.,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030006);Analysis of Characteristics and Methods of Taiji Power Training[J];Sport Forum;2009-03


【Citations】


Chinese Journal Full-text Database 2 Hits

1 LI Jun-qing (PE Dept. of Zhanjang Normal College, Zhanjing, 524048, Guangdong, China);The Sport Biomechanical Analysis on “Jin”in WuShu Sport[J];Journal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education (Natural Science);2003-02
2 Wang Xing;Strength Analysis of Wushu and Its Application[J];The Journal of Shanxi Teachers University(Natural Science Edition);1997-01


【Co-citations】


Chinese Journal Full-text Database 10 Hits

1 CHEN Chao~1,LI Zhi-bin~2,ZHAO Fa-tian~3 (1. Wushu Institute, Beijing sport university, Beijing 100084, China; 2. Institute of Central Police, Baoding 071000,Hebei China; 3. P.E Institute, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong China);Discussion on the value of "Three-Jie Theory" of Traditional Wushu and its Application in Sanshou Event[J];Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education;2005-09
2 QIU Jinchang(PE and Community Administration Department,Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University,Fuqing,Fujian,350300);On the Body-Building Function of Taijiquan Sport[J];Journal of Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University;2006-05
3 Qi Fei Mao Mingchun (College of P.E.,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030006);Analysis of Characteristics and Methods of Taiji Power Training[J];Sport Forum;2009-03
4 JIANG Guo xiongHubei Chinese Medicine Institute,Wuhan,430061,China;A Probe into the Acting Upon Health Care and Mechanism of Taijichuan[J];Journal of Hubei Sports Science;2003-01
5 ZHAI Gui-qi~1,LIANG De-wu~2(1.Shenzhen Sports School,Shenzhen,518131,China;2.Wuhan Inst.of P.E.,Wuhan,430079,China);A Probe into the Regulation of Bajiquan's Strength[J];Journal of Hubei Sports Science;2006-03
6 Xue Tong(Physical Education College,,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou zhejiang,325000);The form esthetics of Taichi studies[J];Journal of Hubei Sports Science;2008-02
7 SHI Ru-lin(P.E.Department,Qinghai Normal Univresity,Xining 810008,China);Study on the Trend of Taijiquan's Source and Development[J];Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science Edition);2006-04
8 QUAN Li-ming (P. E. Institute of Shanxi Teachers University Shanxi Linfen,041000);A Study on the Gymnactic Value of the Trditional Chen's Taijiquan[J];Journal of Physical Education Institute of Shanxi Teachers University;2002-01
9 JIANG Zhou-cun,JIANG Shou-feng(Inst.of PE,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China);Application of Xu Shi in Tai Ji Quan[J];Journal of Shandong Institute of Physical Education and Sports;2006-06
10 HAN XueWushu Culture Research Institute of Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,China.;Study on Wushu Culture in China's Central Plains[J];China Sport Science;2006-08






Index Terms

[Yuen-Ming]

On the Discussion of Strength and Power in TaijiZhang Jun (Shandong Economic Management Rnstitute, Jinan Shandong 250014 )

论太极中的“劲”与“力”

张君

(山东省经济管理干部学院,山东 济南 250014)

提到太极拳,提到“劲”,我们会自然而然地想到练习太极拳 时常提到的一句话:“太极用意不用力”。然而,深谙太极拳理的 人都知道,这里的“不用力”并不是否认太极拳中力的存在,而是 强调太极拳中所用之“力”并非“拙力”,乃是太极之“劲”。太极拳 的核心是技击,而技击的核心是劲、力。劲、力的运使和发放是技 击中能否制胜的关键,同时也是太极拳练习者习练水平的标志 。然而,太极“劲”与“力”的区别与联系却是使广大太极拳习练者 长久以来一直感到迷茫的问题。俗语道“:清能早达。”习拳之人 若不明拳理拳法,弄不清“劲”与“力”的异同,以其昏昏,使人昭 昭,不仅不能早达,反而会误入歧途而终不得法。
1 太极拳中的“劲”与“力” 太极拳注重用意,这是完全正确的,而不准用力却是错误
的。著名太极拳大师陈照奎说过:“天下那里有不用力的武术?” 力是一切运动的基础,太极拳离不开意气力的结合,力是必不可 少的,只是太极拳中所用的“力”并非是我们平时所讲的通常意 义上的“力”。一般太极拳家对于“不用力”的解释是:通常意义上 的力即常人本来具有的力,是拙力,并不是真力(“劲”)。所谓拙 力与真力,即前者指运动时的无谓用力,构成体力散乱,而后者 指运动时力量集中的现象。拙力一则会增加体力的消耗量,使身 体容易疲劳,不能长久的运动;二则会使需要用力的部分不能多 得力,致使技能不能充分发挥。而真力是在全身放松的前提下, 以螺旋形式发出来的与真气相结合的力,是能够达到“四两拨千 斤”、“以小力胜大力”的效果的“巧力”,只是为了区别于一般的
“力”,把它称之为“劲”。
2 “劲”与“力”的联系与区别 2.1 “劲”与“力”的联系
“劲”与“力”好似孪生兄弟,它们既互相关联而又互相区别。 从文字学的解释而言,“劲”与“力”在本质上并没有严格的区别: 《辞海》把“劲”解释为“气力”,《辞源》把“劲”解释为“坚强的力”,
都是一个力字。然而,在太极拳运动中“,劲”与“力”却有极大的 不同。太极拳中的“劲”是太极拳所特有的一种综合素质。和式太 极拳传人和庆喜认为:“气、力、劲本是一体的,而在拳论中却有 分论之别,即气是先天自然之气,力是后天人为之力。后天人为之用力,常非用先天自然之气。而太极拳在姿势变化运转中,则 以气与力相配合,每势完成时要有气沉丹田之感觉。通过姿势转 化,由丹田发出的为劲。”而太极泰斗吴图南先生有言:“所谓太 极劲乃学力也。”他将我们与生俱来的或通过锻炼而得到的力称 之为“本力”,也就是我们通常所说的“力”,而将通过太极拳或太 极功训练得来的力称为“太极劲”。
中国传统医学认为,劲与力皆产生于“气”。“气”之流行于血 脉中称为“营气”,也即“内气”;“气”之流行于血脉之外、皮肤之 内、分肉之间称为“卫气”,也即“外气”。它们均为气之所生,相互 掺杂交织在一起,互为作用,肌肉骨骼乃是劲力发放时的共同依 托,故发劲时不免含有力的成分,此为劲、力之间互相关联的一 面,而劲、力由于产生机制的不同又必然相互区别。
2.2 “劲”与“力”的区别 清代杨式传抄老谱道:“劲由于筋,力由于骨”,“力”由于骨陷于肩背而不能发,而“劲”由于筋而能发,并可达于四肢。二者 之不同在于:力有形而劲无形,力方而劲圆,力涩而劲畅,力迟而 劲速,力散而劲聚,力浮而劲沉,力钝而劲锐;未学太极拳者力直 而虚,是“拙力”,而已学太极拳者力圆而实,是“劲”。劲与力的主 要区别见表 1。
3 结论 现在看来“,力”是人体具有的先天自然之力,而“劲”是在意
识的支配下,通过神经和内分泌系统的作用而发出的随争斗形 势的需要不断变化着的力。“劲”本来是在全身各关节的前提下, 由人体筋腱肌肉的收缩运动而发出的“力”,可达于四梢。而太极 拳不称其为“力”而曰“劲”,是因为其与一般的“力”有不同之处。 一般的“力”,当其离开原发动体之后,都是以直线的轨迹向前运 动,命中目标就产生效果,不命中目标便一直沿直线向前运动, 直到因空气的阻力而逐渐减小,最后消失在空气中,是一种呆滞 不活的拙力。而太极拳之“劲”,则是一种曲线圆活无滞的劲力, 可随外在的需要随时变化发力的时间、方向、大小、路线和着力 点,可变化万端,运用自如。通过长期内功锻炼的武术家,神经系 统的感觉和大脑反应特别灵敏,肌群的伸张、收缩高度自如,因 而与对方刚一接触,便可通过感觉察知对方劲力的大小、方向、 着力点和将要变化的趋向,并能非常及时地做出适合的反应,体 现为劲的变化灵敏而迅速。故劲有曲有直,有刚有柔;缠绕往来, 纵横捭阖;既有定向,又无定向,变化无穷,令人难以捉摸。与先 天之“力”相比,“劲”是通过意识支配,经肌肉有序化收缩,并与 呼吸配合锻炼而获得的力量,其变化更为灵活,随意性更大。
太极“劲”是以各关节间骨缝松开、韧带肌腱伸长,肌肉适度 用力为基础,通过大脑意识支配而产生的一种力量素质,其劲力 灵活多变,其力的速度、方向、大小和作用点可因敌而变,有“内 劲”与“外劲”之分。通过对太极拳运动中人体受力、发力的本质 分析,“内劲”实质上是人体不同组成部分与吸入体内的氧气等相互作用而产生的力,以及由人的意识活动而产生的力,是人体 所能发出的肢体力、意念力的综合。而“外劲”实际上是人体与地 球或对手相互作用而产生的力,是人体所受的支持力、摩擦力及 作用力与反作用力等的综合。从技击方面而言,“内劲”是指一种 发劲时机得当,攻击部位准确,力量用得巧妙,作用效果好的力 的表现形式。

YM

[D_Glenn]

YM, Thanks for the original article.

Here's one of, IMO, the best parts:

“劲由于筋,力由于骨”,“力”由于骨陷于肩背而不能发,而“劲”由于筋而能发,并可达于四肢。二者 之不同在于:力有形而劲无形,力方而劲圆,力涩而劲畅,力迟而 劲速,力散而劲聚,力浮而劲沉,力钝而劲锐;未学太极拳者力直 而虚,是“拙力”,而已学太极拳者力圆而实,是“劲”。劲与力的主 要区别见表 1。

[Just a real quick translation, so:]

{"Jin is from the muscles and tendons, Li comes from the bones." Since Li is the strength in the bones/ skeleton it can't 'Issue/ Emit / Fa'. Since Jin is the muscles and tendons it can 'Issue/ Emit / Fa' [as the wave can pass through these tissues] and transfer the power out to the four extremities. However, neither [muscle (Jin) and bone (Li)] can be separted or apart from one another. Li is the tangible, physical shape while Jin is the intangible, unseen movement. Li is the 'Square' while Jin is the 'Circle'. Li is rough and abrupt while Jin is smooth, free, and unimpeded.Li is slow while Jin is fast. Li is separated, individual parts moving while Jin is all moving together, assembled. Li is floating, unstable while Jin is solid, sunk down, and stable. Li is blunt while Jin is acute. When one first starts to study Taijiquan their Li is abrupt and square, called 'Zhuo Li' (awkward, clumsy power). After studying Taijiquan for awhile the Li becomes round and solid, it becomes 'Jin'. But the practitioner must take care to make sure the differences of their Jin and Li go unnoticed and they work as one, single, indistinguishable unit.}


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