Four qualities, three structures, six vulnerabilities

Discussion on the three big Chinese internals, Yiquan, Bajiquan, Piguazhang and other similar styles.

Four qualities, three structures, six vulnerabilities

Postby jaime_g on Wed Jan 21, 2015 1:50 am

A nice fragment of Paulus Hector Mair (1517 – 1579) book on european fencing :) http://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Paulus_Hector_Mair
translation by Jürg Gassmann

...Whosoever wants to engage in the knightly art of fencing, in whichever arms they may be, fighting mounted or on foot, he must have these attitude or attributes, to whit, if he wants to perform the plays, he shall have four qualities, that is strong as a courageous lion, keen-eyed as an eagle, fast as a lynx and cunning as a fox. Who has just one of these qualities in him will not be easily cheated and his superiority not easily surrendered. For therewith he may prove and achieve his manliness in the knightly art to his own praise. But if he has none of these in him, he will not achieve much of note or honour, except to suffer great injury, along with the scorn and the ignominy...

...Of the three structures[48]

Three things are to be closely focussed on, in mounted fighting or on foot, that is the three structures, the upper, middle and lower structure, that is: If you are standing high with both thighs together upright in the highest stance, that is Upper Structure. But if you are medium low, that is the Middle Structure. But if you stand low, that is the Lower Structure. With this teaching you need to be familiar, so you know what the structure is or how to execute it...

...The six vulnerabilities

There are six vulnerabilities with every person, which every fencer shall have in good practice, memory and knowledge, that is one vulnerability on the tip of your chin, one in the front of your throat, one behind each elbow, one in front at the fist, one in the middle of the arm and in the back of each knee. So these are the six vulnerabilities of each human, which a practiced [fencer] can exploit from one advantage to the next, and can work from as he pleases.

Assume one [fencer] not familiar with these six vulnerabilities, he will not achieve much, whereas otherwise he is able to artfully defeat an attacker by taking advantage of these six vulnerabilities. These six vulnerabilities are to be sought on the right and on the left side of every person....

[48]Mair here uses “die Wag” (pl. “Wagen”), which I am assuming refers to “balance scale” (die Waage, pl. Waagen), and by extension the structure providing for the balance. It could also be derived from “wagen” (to dare), but the derivation is not convincing. A derivation from “der Wagen” (cart, carriage) is linguistically not supported. The other two MS do not contain this passage, so a comparison is not possible.
jaime_g
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