I agree with the connection to atmospheric pressure, along with temperature (and volume). It's no coincidence that many older or injured people leave New York and Chicago to live in Florida and Arizona, or who claim that their bodies work much better in warm climates. Obviously, cold makes things (including bones and the spaces between them) contract. As people age, and natural contraction occurs, they become more sensitive to atmospheric changes.
Ime, it was always grandma whose leg would ache when a storm was coming -and she'd say "unplug all the electrics" and "get aways from the window." Because she was so unerring in her predictions, people in the family would pay attention if she said she dreamt something.
I can't say it's true, but I don't know if she'd have had that ability if we'd moved down south. But, I think it's more or less the fact that, through long time experience with our bodies, we are able to make connections between the weather and the way we feel.
Btw, when I drove a bus, I must admit that there definitely seemed to be a connection between the full moon and erratic driving. Of course, it might be that I was just more aware and defensive at those times because of my preconception. People do strange stuff all the time. But I also think that the idea of lunacy at least has some basis in experience.